Stocks

Reading a stock, valuing it, and understanding what moves the price.

• The P/E ratio, explained simply

  What price-to-earnings tells you — and what it doesn't.
• Market cap: small, mid, and large

  How company size affects risk and growth potential.
• Dividends, explained

  How companies pay you for owning their stock.
• Reading an earnings report

  Revenue, EPS, guidance — what actually moves the stock.
• What is a stock split?

  Why splits happen and what they really change (and don't).
• Growth stocks vs value stocks

  Two very different ways to win — and lose.
• What triggers a Buy, Sell, or Hold?

  The technicals, fundamentals, and news signals behind every rating on this site — and how they combine.
• Short selling: profiting when stocks fall

  How shorting works, why it's risky, what a short squeeze is, and how to practice it safely on this site.
• Estimating a stock's fair value

  A worked example: discounted cash flow (DCF) basics, comparable multiples, margin of safety — and how to sanity-check an analyst price target yourself.
• Range High, Range Low, Swing High & Swing Low

  How to spot the highest and lowest prices over a window (range) and the local pivot points where price reversed (swings) — plus how traders use them for support, resistance, breakouts, and stop placement.
• What is a Swing High?

  A swing high is a local peak — a candle whose high is greater than the highs of the N candles on each side. Learn how to identify swing highs, why they act as short-term resistance, and how traders use them to place stops on long positions.
• What is a Swing Low?

  A swing low is a local trough — a candle whose low is less than the lows of the N candles on each side. Learn how to identify swing lows, why they act as short-term support, and how traders use them to place stops on short positions or entries on longs.
• What is a Range High?

  The Range High is simply the highest price a stock has touched over a chosen window (a week, a month, a year). It is the ceiling of the range — a magnet for sellers, a breakout level for buyers, and one of the most-watched lines on any chart.
• What is a Range Low?

  The Range Low is the lowest price a stock has touched over a chosen window. It's the floor of the range — where dip-buyers wait, where stops cluster, and where breakdowns are most painful. Learn how to spot it and trade around it.
• Intraday timeframes: 1m, 5m, 15m, 1h, D, W

  What each chart timeframe actually means, when day traders use 1-minute vs 5-minute candles, why swing traders live on the daily, and how the date range auto-shrinks to stay within data-source limits.
• The chart Reset button (and the R shortcut)

  What Reset actually clears — SH/RH/RL/SL price levels, replay mode, and compare overlays — and what it leaves alone (your saved drawings and price alerts). Includes the toast confirmation and keyboard shortcut.
• Chart drawing tools: trendlines, rectangles, Fib, and the trash can

  How to draw trendlines, rectangles, Fibonacci retracements, and horizontal lines on any chart — how to delete a single drawing with the Select tool, and exactly what the trash can button wipes (only your saved drawings, nothing else).
• Replay mode and compare overlays

  How Replay lets you scrub through historical candles bar-by-bar to practice reading price action, and how compare overlays plot two or more tickers on the same axis. Both are cleared by the Reset button.
• Support & resistance zones (vs single lines)

  Why real support and resistance are bands, not exact prices — how nearby swing highs and swing lows cluster into zones, how the Auto S/R toggle draws them, and how a broken zone often flips role from support to resistance (or vice versa).
• Pullbacks into support & resistance zones

  A pullback is a temporary retrace into a prior zone before the larger trend resumes. Learn how the chart auto-marks pullbacks (price re-enters a zone, then 2+ bars confirm in the trend direction), why pullbacks are lower-risk entries than chasing breakouts, and where to place stops.
• High-volume breakouts

  A breakout is only credible when volume confirms it. Learn what "high volume" actually means (multiples of the 20-bar average), why a breakout on thin volume often fails, and how the chart's ▲/▼ markers flag breakouts where volume is 1.8×+ the average.
• Doji candles: indecision on the tape

  A doji is a candle with a tiny body and long wicks — open and close nearly equal. It signals buyers and sellers fought to a draw. Learn the classic, long-legged, dragonfly, and gravestone dojis, and why dojis at the top of a rally or bottom of a selloff are the ones that matter.
• Low-volume doji: the market holding its breath

  A doji already means indecision — pair it with unusually low volume and you get a candle where nobody wants to commit. Learn why low-volume dojis often precede sharp moves in either direction, how the chart flags them with ◆ markers, and how traders use them as "wait for the next candle" signals.
• Tuning volume-signal thresholds

  The chart lets you set the multipliers that define "high volume" and "low volume," plus the body-size threshold for what counts as a doji. Learn sensible defaults (1.8× / 0.6× / 20% body), what happens when you tighten or loosen each knob, and how to avoid signal spam.
• The "two clean candles" confirmation rule

  Most reliable price-action setups need at least two candles closing in the trend direction before you act — no long wicks against you, no reversal doji. Learn why 2-bar confirmation is baked into the pullback detector, and how it filters out fake-outs.
• Anatomy of a candlestick: body, wick, open, close

  Every candle encodes four numbers — open, high, low, close — into a body and two wicks. Learn how to read a bar in one glance, why body color signals who won the session, and what wick length tells you about rejected price.
• Regular candles vs Heikin-Ashi

  Regular candles show raw OHLC. Heikin-Ashi averages each bar with the previous one, producing smoother trends and cleaner pullbacks — at the cost of delayed reversals and hidden true opens. Learn when each style helps and when it lies.
• The Doji family: classic, long-legged, dragonfly, gravestone

  A doji is a candle whose open and close are nearly equal — a truce between buyers and sellers. Learn the four main variants (classic, long-legged, dragonfly, gravestone), what each wick pattern implies, and why dojis matter most at swing highs and lows.
• Dragonfly Doji: rejection from below

  A dragonfly doji opens, sells off hard, then rallies back to close near the high — leaving a long lower wick and no upper wick. At a swing low or after a downtrend, it signals buyers absorbing supply. Learn how to size a stop under the wick and confirm with the next bar.
• Gravestone Doji: rejection from above

  A gravestone doji opens, rallies hard, then gets sold back to close near the low — leaving a long upper wick and no lower wick. At a swing high or after an uptrend, it warns of supply overwhelming demand. Learn confirmation rules and where to place a stop.
• Long-Legged Doji: max indecision

  A long-legged doji has a tiny body and long wicks on BOTH sides — price traveled far in both directions but ended where it started. Learn why it often precedes explosive moves, how to wait for the next candle to pick a side, and when to trade the break of its range.
• Hammer and Hanging Man

  Same candle shape — small body up top, long lower wick, no upper wick — but the meaning flips based on trend context. A hammer at support is bullish; a hanging man at resistance is bearish. Learn how to read them without getting fooled.
• Shooting Star and Inverted Hammer

  Small body down low, long upper wick, no lower wick. At the top of a rally it's a shooting star (bearish); at the bottom of a decline it's an inverted hammer (potentially bullish). Trend context is everything.
• Marubozu: pure conviction candles

  A marubozu is a full-body candle with no wicks — one side dominated open to close. Bullish marubozus (green, no wicks) show relentless buying; bearish ones show relentless selling. Learn why they mark breakouts and how they set the bias for the next session.
• Spinning Tops: small body, indecision

  A spinning top has a small body with wicks on both sides — buyers and sellers are close to a stalemate but not dead-locked. Learn how to distinguish them from dojis, why a cluster of spinning tops warns of a stall, and how to trade the eventual break.
• Bullish and Bearish Engulfing patterns

  A big body that completely swallows the previous bar's body. At the end of a trend, an engulfing candle signals the other side just took control. Learn the strict definition, volume confirmation, and how to stop out under (or over) the pattern.
• Harami / Inside Bars: coiled springs

  An inside bar (harami) is a candle whose entire range sits inside the previous bar — the market is compressing. Learn how to trade the break of the mother bar, why inside bars cluster before big moves, and how to size stops using the mother bar's high/low.
• Morning Star and Evening Star (3-bar reversals)

  A three-bar reversal: a strong trend candle, a small indecision candle (star), then a strong candle in the opposite direction. Morning stars mark bottoms; evening stars mark tops. Learn the exact rules and where to put a stop.
• Three White Soldiers / Three Black Crows

  Three consecutive strong candles in the same direction, each opening inside the previous body and closing near its high (or low). A textbook trend continuation — but late-arriving traders often get trapped chasing bar three.
• Tweezer Tops and Bottoms

  Two candles that hit nearly the identical high (top) or low (bottom) on consecutive bars — a rejection of the same price twice. A quick, high-conviction sign that a level is holding. Learn confirmation and stop placement.
• The high-volume doji entry

  A trend, a clean pullback, and then a doji that prints on volume larger than the last 1–3 candles — that's the classic pullback-continuation trigger. Learn why volume validates the doji, how to stop below (or above) the wick, and how to target a 1:1.5–1:2 reward-to-risk.
• Why candle context beats candle shape

  The same hammer means very different things at support, in a downtrend, or in the middle of a range. Learn the three questions to ask before trusting any single candle: Where are we? What's the trend? Did volume confirm it?
• The 100 EMA as a trend filter

  Only long above the 100-period EMA, only short below. Learn why a single moving average keeps you on the right side of the tape, how to combine it with structure (Range High / Range Low), and why chopping around the EMA is a 'no-trade' zone.
• The Clean Pullback setup, step by step

  Trend + 2 clean opposite-color candles + high-volume doji entry + stop beyond the doji wick + 1:1.5–1:2 take-profit. A repeatable checklist that turns 'I felt like it' into a plan you can journal and review.
• Risk-to-reward ratio: the math that saves accounts

  Why a 1:1.5 R:R can print money even at a 45% win rate, and why a 1:0.5 R:R can bleed you dry at 65%. Learn to compute R:R before entry, adjust position size, and pass on trades that don't clear the bar.
• Where to actually place a stop loss

  Under the doji wick, under the swing low, or under the pullback zone — not 'a round number I feel comfortable with.' Learn structural stops vs volatility stops (ATR), and why moving a stop farther is how accounts die.
• Take-profit strategies: fixed R, structure, and trailing

  Three ways to exit a winner: a fixed multiple of risk (1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3), the next structural level, or a trailing stop under each new swing. Which works best in trends vs ranges — and how greed kills the 3R trade.

⚠ Disclaimer: Educational analytics tool only — not investment advice. Signals reflect past price data and may fail without warning. Trading rules and regulations change frequently. Consult a licensed financial advisor or registered stockbroker before making any trade. Cert Training Hub LLC bears no liability for any financial loss resulting from use of this platform.